Twenty years of change in the Fijian periphery: The case of the Kadavu Island     

Michael Sofer 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2009,30(3):343-357

This paper reviews changes in the development and peripheralized status of the Fijian island of Kadavu from a 20‐year perspective. A combination of microgeographic studies in three villages and a mesogeographical analysis show that the conditions of internal dependency found in Kadavu in the early 1980s had not changed much: the pattern of cash crop production and trade remained almost entirely dependent on the yaqona (Pacific kava) beverage crop; shipping services provided by core agents had not improved; the island had experienced significant outmigration; and government initiatives to change the trend were limited. These elements perpetuate a core–periphery structure in Fiji that hampers the development of a self‐sufficient periphery. For Kadavu villagers, however, the benefits derived from the continued form of non‐capitalist production afford them a certain degree of autonomy vis‐à‐vis the market economy, which might be to their advantage under the ongoing conditions of peripheralization.  相似文献   

InSAR analysis of a blind thrust rupture and related active folding: the 1999 Ain Temouchent earthquake (M w 5.7, Algeria) case study     

Samir Belabbès  Mustapha Meghraoui  Ziyadin Çakir  Youcef Bouhadad 《Journal of Seismology》2009,13(4):421-432

We study the surface deformation associated with the 22 December 1999 earthquake, a moderate sized but damaging event at Ain Temouchent (northwestern Algeria) using Interferometric Satellite Aperture Radar images (InSAR). The mainshock focal mechanism solution indicates reverse faulting with a NE–SW trending rupture comparable to other major seismic events of this section of the Africa–Eurasia plate boundary. Previously, the earthquake fault parameters were, however, poorly known because no aftershocks were precisely determined and no coseismic surface ruptures were observed in the field. Using a pair of ERS data with small baseline and short temporal separation in the ascending orbit we obtained an interferogram that shows the coseismic surface displacement field despite poor coherence. The interferogram measures four fringes and displays an ellipse-shaped lobe with ∼11 cm peak line-of-sight displacement. The elastic modeling using a boundary element method (Poly3Dinv) indicate coseismic slip reaching up to 1 m at 5 km depth on the N 57° E trending, dipping 32° NW Tafna thrust fault. The geodetic estimate of seismic moment is 4.7 × 10¹⁷ N m. (Mw 5.7) in is good agreement with seismological results. The elliptical shape of the surface displacement field coincides with the NE–SW trending Berdani fault-related fold. The consistency between the geological observations and InSAR solution shed light on the precise earthquake location and related Tafna fault parameters.  相似文献   

Shake table testing of a multi-tower connected hybrid structure     

Ying Zhou  Xilin Lu  Wensheng Lu  Zhijun He 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2009,8(1):47-59

Many single-tower reinforced concrete core wall-steel frame (RCC-SF) buildings have been built in China, but there are no buildings of different-height multi-tower hybrid system. A multi-tower RCC-SF tall building was thus studied because of its structural complexity and irregularity. First, a 1/15 scaled model structure was designed and tested on the shake table under minor, moderate, and major earthquake levels. Then, the dynamic responses of the model structure were interpreted to those of the prototype structure according to the similitude theory. Experimental results demonstrate that, despite the complexity of the structure, the lateral deformation bends as the "bending type" and the RC core walls contribute more than the steel frames to resist seismic loads. The maximum inter-story drift of the complex building under minor earthquakes is slightly beyond the elastic limitation specified in the Chinese code, and meets code requirements under major earthquakes. From the test results some suggestions are provided that could contribute favorable effect on the seismic behavior and the displacement of the building.  相似文献   

2D多尺度混合优化地球物理反演方法及其应用(英文)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘纪顺  王新建  张先康  徐朝繁  田晓峰  潘素珍 《应用地球物理》2009,6(4):337-348

局部优化和全局优化方法广泛应用到地球物理反演,但是两者各有其优缺点。将两类方法结合起来可以取长补短。将退火遗传算法（SAGA）和单纯形算法相结合,得到了一种高效、健全的2D非线性混合地震走时反演方法。首先,利用SAGA进行大范围的全局搜索,然后由单纯形方法进行快速局部搜索。为了降低层析成像的多解性,我们采用了多尺度逐次逼近的技巧。把速度场划分为不同的空间尺度,定义网格节点上的速度作为待反演参数,采用双三次样条函数模型参数化,正问题采用有限差分走时计算方法,反问题采用多尺度混合反演方法。一个低速度异常体的数值模拟试验和抗走时扰动试验表明该方法是有效和健全的。我们将该方法应用到青藏高原东北缘阿尼玛卿rlet,Meyer,Marr,缝合带东段上部地壳速度结构研究中。数字模型试验和实际资料的应用表明了方法的有效性和健全性。  相似文献   

Influence of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake on earthquake occurrence trend of active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region          下载免费PDF全文

Jia Cheng  Jie Liu  Weijun Gan  Gang Li 《地震科学（英文版）》2009,22(5):459-469

The Wenchuan earthquake coseismic deformation field is inferred from the coseismic dislocation data based on a 3-D geometric model of the active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. Then the potential dislocation displacement is inverted from the deformation field in the 3-D geometric model. While the faults' slip velocities are inverted from GPS and leveling data, which can be used as the long-term slip vector. After the potential dislocation displacements are projected to long-term slip direction, we have got the influence of Wenchuan earthquake on active faults in Sichuan-Yunnan region. The results show that the northwestern segment of Longmenshan fault, the southern segments of Xianshuihe fault, Anninghe fault, Zemuhe fault, northern and southern segments of Daliangshan fault, Mabian fault got earthquake risks advanced of 305, 19, 12, 9.1 and 18, 51 years respectively in the eastern part of Sichuan and Yunnan. The Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault, Nujiang fault, Longling-Lancang fault, Nantinghe fault and Zhongdian fault also got earthquake risks advanced in the western part of Sichuan-Yunnan region. Whereas the northwestern segment of Xianshuihe fault and Xiaojiang fault got earthquake risks reduced after the Wenchuan earthquake.  相似文献   

Effect of Poissonos ratio on stress state in the Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake fault          下载免费PDF全文

Zhoumin Xie  Caibo Hu  Yongen Cai  Chi-yuen Wang 《地震科学（英文版）》2009,22(6):603-607

The Wenchuan M_S8.0 earthquake occurred on the Longmenshan fault which inclines at a dip angle exceeding 60 degrees. Since most thrust earthquakes occur on faults with dip angles of about 30 degrees, it is enigmatic why the Wenchuan earthquake occurred on such a steep fault. In this study we use a simple finite element model to investigate how the stress state in the fault changes with the variation of Poisson's ratio. The results show that, with the Poisson's ratio in the fault increasing, the magnitudes of the principal stresses increase and the maximum shear stress decrease, and, especially, the angle between the maximum principal stress and the fault plane decreases, which will enhance the driving force to overcome the frictional resistance on the fault. The increase of Poisson's ratio in the fault may be an important factor to affect the occurrence of the fault earthquakes with large angles between maximum principal stress and fault plane.

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桩锚结构变形协调方法的改进研究     

晏鄂川  刘焕斌  李相依  吴益平 《岩土力学》2009,30(5):1446-1450

桩锚结构变形协调条件是桩锚结构设计中内力计算的关键点。现行桩锚结构变形协调条件是在锚索施加预应力后桩身向坡内变形十分微小而忽略不计的条件下推导得到的,只适用于锚索预应力微小或为0的情况。但在许多工程实例中,锚索的预应力较大,导致的桩身变形不能被忽略。因此,现行的变形协调条件假设与桩锚结构的实际工作状态不一致。利用结构力学理论,在研究桩锚结构体系的两阶段变形过程的基础上,对变形协调方程从2个方面改进,其一是改变原有方法中抗滑桩滑面处位移和转角的计算方法;其二是改变第j排锚索对桩身 点处位移贡献的计算形式。算例分析表明,改进桩锚结构变形协调条件,可以更好地为工程设计服务。  相似文献   

邻近基坑开挖的运营地铁车站结构安全度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李新星 《岩土力学》2009,30(Z2):382-386

为保证既有地铁车站的正常运营和地下车站结构的安全,在邻近基坑开挖过程中就需要严格控制运营地铁车站结构的变形。结合上海某邻近基坑开挖的运营地铁车站,运用叠加原理,采用有限元荷载结构法和强制位移法,分别按照裂缝控制和强度控制来对车站标准段结构的稳定性及其允许变形进行分析和反算,为基坑施工提供车站结构变形的控制标准  相似文献   

季节性冻土区路基置换层参数确定试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

兰常玉  张向东 《岩土力学》2009,30(Z2):102-104

以辽宁西部冻土为研究对象,模拟现场地下水位,对10种重塑土进行了大试件防冻害置换层参数确定试验研究。试验结果表明：对于辽宁西部季节性冻土,当置换层位于地下水位以上30 cm、最大冻深的62 %,且厚度为冻深的30 %时,有明显的防冻害效果。  相似文献   

喀斯特流域降雨-径流人工神经网络模型结构分析及模拟   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

陈才  陈喜  张志才  魏琳娜 《中国岩溶》2009,28(4):375-379

喀斯特流域降雨-径流响应是一个非线性过程,分析确定地下河流量过程的主要影响因子对喀斯特流域水文过程模拟具有重要意义。本文利用普定后寨河流域实测降雨、径流系列资料,采用神经网络权重分析法确定该流域的人工神经网络模型结构为两个隐含层、三个输入变量,该人工神经网络模型结构可以保持降雨-径流模拟的稳定性。模型经交叉训练与验证,训练期效率系数（NSC）达0.9以上,验证期NSC达0.88以上。说明神经网络权重分析法能够较好地确立预报因子与预报对象的关系,为喀斯特流域降雨-径流模拟提供一种有效的分析手段。   相似文献